BIOGRAPHY OF CHARLIE CHAPLIN

Childhood

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London, England, on April 16th 1889. His father was a versatile vocalist and actor; and his mother, known under the stage name of Lily Harley, was an attractive actress and singer, who gained a reputation for her work in the light opera field. Charlie was thrown on his own resources before he reached the age of ten as the early death of his father and the subsequent illness of his mother made it necessary for Charlie and his brother, Sydney, to fend for themselves.
Having inherited natural talents from their parents, the youngsters took to the stage as the best opportunity for a career. Charlie made his professional debut as a member of a juvenile group called “The Eight Lancashire Lads” and rapidly won popular favour as an outstanding tap dancer.

Beginning of his career

When he was about fourteen, he got his first chance to act in a legitimate stage show, and appeared as “Billy” the page boy, in support of William Gillette in “Sherlock Holmes”. At the close of this engagement, Charlie started a career as a comedian in vaudeville, which eventually took him to the United States in 1910 as a featured player with the Fred Karno Repertoire Company.
He scored an immediate hit with American audiences, particularly with his characterization in a sketch entitled “A Night in an English Music Hall”. When the Fred Karno troupe returned to the United States in the fall of 1912 for a repeat tour, Chaplin was offered a motion picture contract.
He finally agreed to appear before the cameras at the expiration of his vaudeville commitments in November 1913; and his entrance in the cinema world took place that month when he joined Mack Sennett and the Keystone Film Company. His initial salary was $150 a week, but his overnight success on the screen spurred other producers to start negotiations for his services.
At the completion of his Sennett contract, Chaplin moved on to the Essanay Company (1915) at a large increase. Sydney Chaplin had then arrived from England, and took his brother’s place with Keystone as their leading comedian.
The following year Charlie was even more in demand and signed with the Mutual Film Corporation for a much larger sum to make 12 two-reel comedies. These include “The Floorwalker”, “The Fireman”, “The Vagabond”, “One A.M.” (a production in which he was the only character for the entire two reels with the exception of the entrance of a cab driver in the opening scene), “The Count”, “The Pawnshop”, “Behind the Screen”, “The Rink”, “Easy Street”

Tiger Woods on right track at Augusta

After 41/2 months in the world's doghouse, which seemed altogether appropriate, Tiger Woods needed less than a week to regain his previously unchallenged status.

He is, once again, The Most Watchable Competitor on earth.

From his 35-minute news conference last Monday to his passive absorption of Billy Payne's sanctimonious admonishment to actual hitting of balls on the hallowed ground of this nation's most fabled course, Woods has made substantial progress toward refacing his tattered image.

Though Tiger's decision to return at this weekend's Masters was the subject of wide and furious debate, he and his advisers made a brilliant call.

They knew Tiger didn't have to win, that it might be best if he doesn't. It's barely relevant that the 2-under 70 he shot in the third round Saturday has him third on the leader board, for Tiger's people realized, this being a major tournament, their guy would be the heart of the story but not the whole story. For once, victory is, for them if not for Woods, completely secondary.

The first priority for Tiger, as he attempts to project a newfound humility, was to rejoin the human race.

That meant presenting himself before friends and strangers. For Tiger, there is no better backdrop than Augusta National, where 13 years ago, at age 21, he introduced his radiant greatness by conquering the course and vaporizing the field to win by an astounding — and unprecedented

Tiger has captured three more forest green jackets symbolic of winning the Masters. He doesn't own the course, but he plays it as if it were his backyard. He plays Augusta National better than anyone ever has, including Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer.

So the week was about shepherding a man from the most shamefully uncomfortable position he has known to one of the most comfortable places he has ever been. Tiger squirmed while owning up to the one-car crash, squirmed as mistress after mistress after mistress cashed out by pulling back the covers of their trysts, squirmed as sponsors fled, squirmed his way through a wooden attempt at apologizing.

He's squirming even now as his wife, Elin, contemplates the future for her and their two children.

With all this squirming, Woods needed a place not only where the ground beneath his feet was firm but also felt familiar.

Though some members of the media continue to beat him up and some fans have ditched Tiger, the gallery has been mostly supportive. This tends to be the human response to epic disaster moving into the cleanup stage.

How long, after all, are folks going to cling to hatred and disgust? The philandering celebrity is an old tale, all too common from music to movies to athletics and politics. Tiger's disrespect for his family is a private matter that ranks much lower on the disturbance scale than, say, threats to politicians or the pedophilia controversy raging within the priesthood.

That Tiger is not being showered with love from everyone is to be expected. That's always been the case. There are hundreds of high-profile athletes, and none is universally beloved. Not Peyton Manning or Brett Favre, not LeBron James or Dirk Nowitzki, not Derek Jeter or Albert Pujols. Not even Manny Pacquiao.

So, yes, there have been cheers for Tiger. Thank goodness Elin is not on the premises, with every shot of her in the gallery reminding one and all of her husband's sin. She doesn't need the aggravation.

Let the focus be on Tiger. Let him face what he has done, who he has been and whatever response he gets from the public. Let him walk alone through these flames.

Yet we should not be surprised he has been so competitive. He is the very best golfer in the world and an unsurpassed competitor. The very best — the Muhammad Alis and Michael Jordans and Kobe Bryants — respond to adversity with incredible focus. They have a narrow, coldhearted approach, like a shark chasing its prey.

So Woods is back within the vicinity of our adulation, if not admiration. That he has lost a sizable portion of women matters little, for golf has a history of being utterly dismissive toward females.

Tiger's comeback has advanced from the embryonic to the crawling stage. If he goes out today and loses in memorable fashion, especially to Phil Mickelson, Woods will be on his feet.

From there, the top of the world is but a long walk and a few wise decisions away.

Getting a passport could soon be hassle free

If long queues outside shoddy passport offices gives you the jitters and, the thought of brokers and touts stops you from getting your passport by right, here is some good news for passport seekers.

Getting a passport will soon be hassle free with the revolutionisation of the current process, which at best, can be described as arduous.

It is learnt that External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishna, who hails from IT city Bangalore and, is very tech savvy, is walking that extra mile to facilitate the implementation of the landmark Passport Sewa E- Governance initiative.

Sevety-seven hi-tech state-of-the-art IT-enabled Passport Sewa offices are likely to come up across the country under the new initiative.

Krishna recently inspected two such centers in Bangalore. The presence of cutting-edge technology such as a centralised IT system, which includes a data centre and a disaster recovery centre to which, all proposed centers will be connected, biometric verification, availability of online services for fixing appointments, three national call centers and a grievance redressel system, status of application via SMS and outsourcing of front-end activities, acquiring a passport will be easier and simpler.

If that's not all, the 24x7 national call centre in 17 languages will also be a part of the new project.

The Passport Sewa project is a perfect example of public-private partnership, involving the Ministry of External Affairs and Tata Consultancy Services.

Keeping in view security and sensitivity, the MEA has not surrendered sovereign functions to the TCS and has only outsourced front-end activities.

If fully implemented, then a passport can be got in three days following police verification.

Tatkal applicants could get the passport the same day. Currently, it takes around 30 to 45 days for non-Tatkal passports and a minimum of seven days for getting a Tatkal-routed passport.

Under the proposed system, the number of public dealing counters will also increase from the current figure of 345 to 1250. Public dealing hours will also increase from four to seven hours.

According to sources, new centres could come up at Gurgaon, Vijayawada, Tirupati, Hubli, Dharwad, Mangalore, Baroda, Rajkot, Kottayam, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ambala, Varanasi, Kanpur, Jodhpur and Sikar etc.

Although the project looks impressive, it also has its share of problems and challenges. The IT-enabled project could leave many passport officials out of work. Already, unions in passport offices have opposed the proposal. The other big challenge will be to train underskilled MEA staff on cutting-edge technology.

Robot guards may patrol future frontiers

If scientist have their ways, then robot border guards would be patrolling the frontiers in the near future.Amid the ever-present angst over illegal immigration, cross-border terrorism and contraband smuggling,some nations are turning to novel broder-surveillance technologies, potentially backed up by robots.
According to a in New scientist, the idea is to scatter arrays of sensors in a border area in ways that give guards or robots plenty of time respond before their targets make good an escape.
The need to secure borders in evident across the globe, from India, which is constructing a 3.400Km, 3 meter- high barbed wire and concrete border wall to close itself off from Bangladesh, to Libya, where foot patrols are being augmented with new people sensing technologies.
liya has an agreement with the European Union to try to limit the flow of immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa traversing its borders before crossing the Mediterranean and entering Italy.
To help it enforce this deal,Libya is spending 300mn euros on technology for it calls a "large border security and control system",made by Selex Sistemi integrate,part of Italian aerospace firm finmeccania.

'Hot' Electrons in solar cells

Researchers at Boston college have observed the "hot electrons" effect in a solar cell for the first time and successfully harvested the elusive charges using ultra thin solar cells, opening a potential avenue to improved solar power efficiency.
when light is captured in solar cells, it generates free electrons in a range of energy states. But in order to snare these charges, the electrons must reach the bottom of the conduction band.
The problem has been that these highly energized "hot" electrons lose much of their energy to heat along the way.

Britney beats obama as most searched celebrity

Pop diva Britney Spears has beaten US President Barack Obama as the most searched for celebrity on the Internet in the last decade. The singer shot of the fame in 1998 with her debut track Baby One More Time,
and during her time in the limelight she has been married twice,given birth to two children and suffered a public meltdown, which saw her hospitalized on an involuntary psychiatric hold in 2008 and her drama filled life has resulted in her being named the most popular celebrity on the web, according to search engine ASK, reports contactmusic.com
US leader Barack Obama, who was elected president last year,came in second, while soccer ace David Beckham was the third most searched star.
Late British royal diana,Princess of wales and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair rounded out the top five

Sachin Tendulkar's 20 year in cricket

Sachin Tendulkar has expressed his disappointment at India not playing enough Tests in the near future. Besides the three Tests in the upcoming home series against Sri Lanka, which begins in Ahmedabad on November 16, India play only two more Tests, in Bangladesh in January, in the 2009-10 season. There are no further Test series planned at least till the end of the 2010.


"We should play more Test cricket for sure. It is obviously not great news that we are only playing five Tests this season," Tendulkar said at a media event on Friday to commemorate his completing 20 years in international cricket.

Test cricket, he said, was the true testing ground for any youngster and the best way to fast track his development. "Ideally for any team to progress you need to play more Test cricket as that is where the real cricket is according to me. Test cricket is cricket of the highest level and since it is played across five days at the end of each day it allows you to regroup, re-think, come up with fresh ideas and plan for the next day. Sometimes in Twenty20 and ODIs even before you realise the match is over."

As a 16-year-old Tendulkar cut his teeth in the 1989 Test series against Pakistan and immediately understood it was not going to be easy. In the final Test of that series, Waqar Younis drew blood after striking Tendulkar on the nose. Ajit Tendulkar, his elder brother, the man whom Sachin counts as his biggest influence as a player, was sitting in the stands. Ajit might have winced but his brother didn't: "When I was hit by Waqar that got me more competitive and I decided not to move from the middle and I would continue to fight," Tendulkar animatedly recounted the incident to a 75-odd media contingent.


Though the event was by invitation only for a select group of journalists, a lot of media personnel - aware of the unique opportunity it presented - gatecrashed the event. Tendulkar remained unruffled and for the next five hours remained seated in the middle of the room, answering hundreds of questions, even if most were repeated. Displaying the same proficiency he has shown against various forms of bowling, Tendulkar moved seamlessly from English to Hindi to Marathi in his responses, paying detailed attention to the questioner's every word.

While his zeal for the game continues to amaze, he is not at all surprised by it. He says it is because he is passionate about what he does and is confident and clear about what he wants to do.

It's not his fans alone who wonder how Tendulkar has been strong in various situations and stayed competitive over the last two decades; MS Dhoni, the India captain, recently said he did not rule out Tendulkar being in contention to play the 2015 World Cup.

Tendulkar, though, said he wanted to live in the moment and plan for the near future instead of dwelling on what could happen five years down the line.

"It would be nice if I can go on that that long (till 2015) but I don't want to think that far and concentrate on the next phase," he said. "My focus is on the near future. I've enjoyed every bit so far and I feel there is cricket left in me and everything is going really well."